Pepala la chimbudzi, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti pepala la chimbudzi lopindika, limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka paukhondo wa anthu tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo ndi limodzi mwa mitundu yofunika kwambiri ya mapepala kwa anthu. Pofuna kuti pepala la chimbudzi likhale lofewa, njira zamakanika nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwinya pepalalo ndikuwonjezera kufewa kwa pepala la chimbudzi. Pali zinthu zambiri zopangira pepala la chimbudzi. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi thonje, matabwa, udzu, mapepala otayira, ndi zina zotero.
Anali Arthur amene anayambitsa mapepala a chimbudzi. Shigutuo. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, pafupifupi zaka zana zapitazo, kampani ya American Shigutuo Paper Company inagula mapepala ambiri, omwe sankagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha kusasamala pa kayendetsedwe ka zinthu, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti mapepalawo akhale onyowa komanso okwinya. Atakumana ndi nyumba yosungiramo mapepala osafunikira, aliyense sanadziwe choti achite. Pamsonkhano wa oyang'anira, wina adapereka lingaliro lakuti pepalalo libwezedwe kwa wogulitsa kuti achepetse kutayika. Malangizowa adathandizidwa ndi aliyense. Arthur, mtsogoleri wa kampaniyo. Shi Gute sanaganize choncho. Anaganiza zopanga mabowo m'mipukutu ya mapepala, omwe anakhala osavuta kung'amba m'zidutswa zazing'ono. Shigutuo adatcha mapepala amtunduwu kuti "Sonny" ndipo adawagulitsa ku siteshoni za sitima, malo odyera, masukulu, ndi zina zotero. Ndipo adawayika m'zimbudzi. Anali otchuka kwambiri chifukwa anali osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo pang'onopang'ono anafalikira ku banja lonse, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti kampaniyo ipeze phindu lalikulu. Masiku ano, mapepala a chimbudzi akhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa moyo wanu, ndipo atipatsa zinthu zambiri zosavuta pamoyo wathu m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Kale kwambiri m'madera akale mapepala amakono asanapangidwe, anthu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito "mapepala osavuta a kuchimbudzi", monga masamba a letesi, nsanza, ubweya, masamba a udzu, masamba a koko kapena masamba a chimanga. Agiriki akale ankabweretsa zidutswa zingapo za dongo kapena miyala akamapita kuchimbudzi, pomwe Aroma akale ankagwiritsa ntchito ndodo zamatabwa zokhala ndi siponji yoviikidwa m'madzi amchere omangiriridwa mbali imodzi. Anthu a ku Inuit omwe ali kutali ku Arctic ndi aluso kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zakomweko. Amagwiritsa ntchito moss nthawi yachilimwe ndi chipale chofewa popanga mapepala m'nyengo yozizira. "Pepala la chimbudzi" la anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi lachigawo kwambiri. Zipolopolo ndi nyanja za m'nyanja ndi "pepala la chimbudzi" la m'nyanja lomwe amapatsidwa ndi nyanja.
Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, anthu aku China anayamba kupanga ndikuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala a chimbudzi. M'zaka za m'ma 2000 BC, anthu aku China adapanga mapepala oyamba padziko lonse lapansi a zimbudzi. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 1500 AD, mapepala a chimbudzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu aku China ankaoneka kuti ndi akuluakulu modabwitsa masiku ano, a masentimita 50 m'lifupi ndi masentimita 90 m'litali. Zachidziwikire, mapepala apamwamba oterewa angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana monga akalonga a mfumu.
Ndi pepala lochepa chabe la chimbudzi, titha kumvetsetsa bwino momwe zinthu zinalili kale. Akuluakulu akale a ku Roma ankagwiritsa ntchito nsalu za ubweya zomwe zinkaviikidwa m'madzi a duwa ngati pepala la chimbudzi, pomwe banja lachifumu la ku France linkakonda nsalu za lace ndi silika. Ndipotu, anthu ambiri olemera ndi olemera ankangogwiritsa ntchito masamba a chamba.
Mu 1857, munthu wina wa ku America dzina lake Joseph Gayetti anakhala wamalonda woyamba padziko lonse kugulitsa mapepala a chimbudzi. Anatcha pepala lake la chimbudzi kuti "Gayetti medical paper", koma kwenikweni pepalali ndi pepala lonyowa lonyowa loviikidwa mu madzi a aloe vera. Ngakhale zili choncho, mtengo wa chinthu chatsopanochi ukadali wodabwitsa. Panthawiyo, malonda otere anali m'misewu ndi m'misewu: "Gayetti medical paper, bwenzi labwino lopita kuchimbudzi, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri masiku ano." Komabe, izi ndi zachilendo pang'ono, podziwa kuti anthu ambiri safuna "pepala lagolide la chimbudzi" lotere.
Mu 1880, abale Edward Scott ndi Clarence Scott anayamba kugulitsa mabuku a ukhondo omwe timawadziwa masiku ano. Koma atangotuluka malonda atsopanowa, anatsutsidwa ndi maganizo a anthu onse ndipo anamangidwa ndi malamulo okhudza makhalidwe abwino. Chifukwa nthawi imeneyo, m'maso mwa anthu wamba, kuwonetsa ndi kugulitsa mapepala a chimbudzi pagulu m'masitolo kunali khalidwe lochititsa manyazi komanso losalungama lomwe linali lovulaza thanzi la thupi ndi maganizo.
Pepala la kuchimbudzi la kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 silinali lofewa komanso losavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuposa pepala lachimbudzi la masiku ano, ndipo madzi ake ankalowa mosavuta. Mu 1935, chinthu chatsopano chotchedwa "pepala lachimbudzi lopanda chidetso" chinayamba kugulitsidwa. Kuchokera pa izi, n'zosavuta kuganiza kuti pepala lachimbudzi la nthawi imeneyo liyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zambiri zodetsa.
Palibe kukayika kuti mapepala akuchimbudzi ndi ofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa masiku ano. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa bwino ndi kalata yothokoza yomwe Kimberly-Clark adalandira mu 1944. M'kalatayo, boma la US linayamika kuti: "Zogulitsa za kampani yanu (pepala lachimbudzi) zinapereka chithandizo chabwino kwambiri pakuperekedwa kwa asilikali pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse."
Mu ntchito ya "Desert Storm" ya Nkhondo ya Gulf, adapereka zopereka zazikulu kwa asilikali aku US ndipo adachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pankhondo. Pa nthawiyo, asilikali aku US anali kuchita ntchito za m'chipululu, ndipo milu yoyera ya mchenga inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi matanki obiriwira, omwe akanatha kuwonetsa mosavuta cholingacho. Popeza kunali kochedwa kwambiri kupaka utoto, asilikali aku US adayenera kukulunga matankiwo ndi pepala la chimbudzi kuti abise mwadzidzidzi.
Ngakhale mapepala a chimbudzi akhala akutsutsidwa ndi kunyozedwa ndipo anayenera kugulitsidwa pansi pa sitolo, lero amaliza kale ulendo wokongola, ndipo anakwera pa nsanja ya T ndipo adakwezedwa kukhala ntchito ya zaluso ndi zaluso. Ojambula odziwika bwino a ziboliboli Christopher, Anastasia Elias ndi Teruya Yongxian ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala a chimbudzi ngati zinthu zopangira luso. Mu makampani opanga mafashoni, mpikisano wotchuka wa zovala zaukwati wa mapepala a chimbudzi a Moschino cheap Shike umachitika chaka chilichonse ku United States. Mitundu yonse ya madiresi aukwati a mapepala a chimbudzi ndi okongola amasonkhana kuti apikisane.
Pepala la chimbudzi lamakono lakhala likukula kwa zaka zoposa 100, ndipo limalemba nzeru za anthu ndi luso lawo. Pepala la chimbudzi la magawo awiri (lomwe linayambitsidwa mu 1942) limalimbitsa sayansi ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba, kufewa kwake ndi kuyamwa madzi kumatha kufotokozedwa ngati kosayembekezereka; m'badwo waposachedwa wa pepala la chimbudzi uli ndi madzi opatsa thanzi a batala wa shea, chipatso chachilengedwe ichi chimadziwika kuti chili ndi zotsatira zabwino zokongola.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-11-2023